A practical, provider-by-provider checklist covering IAM least-privilege, storage configuration, logging and network security group hardening.
Enforce least-privilege IAM roles across all accounts — audit existing roles quarterly and remove unused permissions. Enable multi-factor authentication on all privileged and root/owner accounts without exception.
Audit all storage buckets and containers for public access — this remains the single most common cause of cloud data exposure. Encrypt data at rest and in transit by default across every service, not as a manually-applied exception.
Enable native logging (CloudTrail, Azure Monitor, Cloud Audit Logs) across all accounts and regions. Centralize these logs into a SIEM for correlation — logs sitting unreviewed in native consoles provide little practical protection.
Review security groups and network security groups quarterly. Testing-phase configurations have a tendency to become permanent if nobody actively reviews and removes them.
Scan container images for known vulnerabilities before deployment, not after. Apply Kubernetes RBAC and network policies to prevent lateral movement between workloads sharing a cluster.
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